長文読解（人文系・自然科学系の文章）- 問題108

Quantum computing represents a revolutionary leap in computational technology that could transform multiple fields of science and industry. Unlike classical computers that process information using bits that exist in either 0 or 1 states, quantum computers utilize quantum bits, or "qubits," which can exist in multiple states simultaneously through a phenomenon called superposition.
This unique property allows quantum computers to perform certain calculations exponentially faster than traditional computers. For example, while a classical computer might take thousands of years to factor large numbers used in encryption, a sufficiently powerful quantum computer could accomplish this task in mere hours. Major technology companies like IBM, Google, and Microsoft have invested billions of dollars in quantum research over the past decade.
However, quantum computing faces significant challenges. Qubits are extremely sensitive to environmental interference, requiring near absolute zero temperatures to maintain their quantum states. Additionally, quantum error correction remains a major hurdle, as quantum information is easily corrupted. Despite these obstacles, researchers predict that practical quantum computers could revolutionize drug discovery, financial modeling, and artificial intelligence within the next 20 years.