長文読解（人文系・自然科学系の文章）- 問題48

Urban farming has emerged as a revolutionary approach to addressing food security challenges in densely populated cities. This innovative practice involves growing crops in urban environments using techniques such as vertical farming, rooftop gardens, and hydroponic systems. Cities like Singapore and Tokyo have successfully implemented large-scale urban farming projects that produce fresh vegetables year-round.
The benefits of urban farming extend beyond food production. These systems significantly reduce transportation costs and carbon emissions associated with bringing food from rural areas to urban markets. Additionally, urban farms can utilize recycled water and organic waste, creating a sustainable cycle within the city ecosystem.
However, urban farming faces several challenges. Limited space and high real estate costs make it difficult to establish large-scale operations. The initial investment for advanced technologies like LED lighting systems and climate control can be substantial. Despite these obstacles, experts predict that urban farming will play a crucial role in feeding the world's growing urban population, which is expected to reach 68% by 2050.