長文読解（人文系・自然科学系の文章）- 問題32

Urban gardening has emerged as a powerful movement in cities worldwide, transforming vacant lots, rooftops, and even abandoned buildings into productive green spaces. This practice not only provides fresh produce to urban communities but also strengthens social connections among neighbors. In Detroit, for example, over 1,400 community gardens have been established since 2010, helping residents access nutritious food in areas where grocery stores are scarce.
Beyond food production, urban gardens serve as outdoor classrooms where children learn about plant biology, nutrition, and environmental stewardship. Research conducted by the American Community Gardening Association shows that students who participate in school garden programs demonstrate improved academic performance and better eating habits. These gardens also contribute to biodiversity by creating habitats for bees, butterflies, and other pollinators essential for ecosystem health.
The environmental benefits extend further as urban gardens help reduce the heat island effect in cities, improve air quality, and manage stormwater runoff. A single community garden can absorb up to 2,000 gallons of rainwater annually, reducing the burden on urban drainage systems. As cities continue to grow, urban gardening represents a sustainable solution that addresses multiple challenges simultaneously.