長文読解（人文系・自然科学系の文章）- 問題111

Xenophobia, the fear or hatred of foreigners or strangers, has become increasingly visible in many societies worldwide. This phenomenon is not merely a modern issue but has deep historical roots that can be traced back to ancient civilizations. Throughout history, human communities have often viewed outsiders with suspicion, particularly during times of economic hardship or social uncertainty.
Recent psychological studies reveal that xenophobic attitudes often stem from evolutionary survival mechanisms that once helped early humans distinguish between friend and foe. However, in today's interconnected world, these primitive responses can lead to harmful discrimination and social division. Research conducted by social psychologists shows that exposure to diverse cultures and direct contact with foreign individuals significantly reduces xenophobic tendencies.
Educational initiatives and cultural exchange programs have proven effective in combating xenophobia. Countries that have implemented comprehensive integration policies, such as Canada and New Zealand, demonstrate lower levels of anti-immigrant sentiment compared to nations with more restrictive approaches. These findings suggest that fostering understanding through education and interaction remains the most powerful tool against xenophobic attitudes in contemporary society.