長文読解（人文系・自然科学系の文章）- 問題91

The concept of biomimicry has revolutionized modern engineering and design by drawing inspiration from nature's time-tested patterns and strategies. This interdisciplinary approach involves studying biological systems and translating their mechanisms into human-made technologies. For instance, the development of Velcro was inspired by the way burdock burrs stick to animal fur, while the design of bullet trains in Japan was influenced by the streamlined beak of the kingfisher bird.
Recent advances in biomimicry have led to remarkable innovations in various fields. Scientists have developed self-cleaning surfaces by mimicking the microscopic structure of lotus leaves, which naturally repel water and dirt. Similarly, researchers studying gecko feet have created adhesive materials that can stick to any surface without leaving residue. The aviation industry has also benefited significantly, with aircraft wing designs inspired by bird flight patterns resulting in improved fuel efficiency.
However, the application of biomimicry extends beyond individual products to entire systems. Urban planners are now studying ant colonies to optimize traffic flow in cities, while architects examine termite mounds to design energy-efficient buildings with natural ventilation systems. This holistic approach demonstrates how nature's solutions, refined over millions of years of evolution, can address complex modern challenges in sustainable and innovative ways.