長文読解（人文系・自然科学系の文章）- 問題54

Urban vertical farming represents a revolutionary approach to agriculture that addresses the growing challenges of food security in densely populated cities. This innovative method involves growing crops in vertically stacked layers within controlled indoor environments, utilizing advanced technologies such as LED lighting, hydroponic systems, and climate control.
The benefits of vertical farming are substantial. First, it requires 95% less water than traditional farming methods through precise nutrient delivery systems. Second, crops can be grown year-round regardless of weather conditions, potentially yielding up to 365 harvests annually compared to just 2-3 in conventional outdoor farming. Additionally, vertical farms eliminate the need for pesticides since the controlled environment prevents pest infestations.
However, vertical farming faces significant challenges. The initial investment costs are extremely high, often exceeding $10 million for a single facility. Energy consumption is also a major concern, as LED lights and climate control systems require substantial electricity. Currently, vertical farms are economically viable mainly for high-value crops like leafy greens and herbs.
Despite these limitations, experts predict that technological advances and decreasing LED costs will make vertical farming more accessible within the next decade, potentially transforming urban food production.