長文読解（人文系・自然科学系の文章）- 問題95

Urban vertical farming has emerged as a revolutionary solution to address food security challenges in densely populated cities. This innovative agricultural method involves growing crops in vertically stacked layers within controlled indoor environments, typically using hydroponic or aeroponic systems instead of traditional soil-based cultivation.
The benefits of vertical farming are substantial. First, it requires significantly less water than conventional agriculture, using up to 95% less through precise nutrient delivery systems. Second, crops can be grown year-round regardless of weather conditions, potentially producing harvests 365 days a year. Additionally, vertical farms eliminate the need for pesticides since the controlled environment prevents pest infestations.
However, challenges remain. The initial setup costs are extremely high, often requiring millions of dollars in investment for LED lighting systems and climate control technology. Energy consumption is also a major concern, as artificial lighting can account for up to 30% of operational costs. Despite these obstacles, several major cities including Singapore, Tokyo, and New York have successfully implemented vertical farming projects.
As urban populations continue to grow, vertical farming represents a promising pathway toward sustainable food production that could transform how we think about agriculture in the 21st century.