長文読解（人文系・自然科学系の文章）- 問題69

Urban gardening has emerged as a powerful movement that transforms vacant lots and rooftops into productive green spaces. In cities like Detroit and Berlin, community gardens have become symbols of resilience and self-sufficiency. These gardens not only provide fresh produce to local residents but also create social connections among neighbors who might otherwise never interact.
Research shows that urban agriculture can significantly reduce food transportation costs and carbon emissions. A study conducted in New York City found that locally grown vegetables traveled an average of just 30 miles compared to 1,500 miles for conventionally sourced produce. Additionally, urban gardens help improve air quality by absorbing carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen.
Beyond environmental benefits, urban gardening offers therapeutic value for participants. Mental health professionals have documented reduced stress levels and improved mood among individuals who engage in gardening activities. The physical exercise involved in planting, weeding, and harvesting also contributes to better overall health.
However, challenges remain in expanding urban agriculture. Limited space, soil contamination, and lack of funding are significant obstacles. Despite these difficulties, cities worldwide are implementing policies to support urban farming initiatives, recognizing their potential to address multiple urban challenges simultaneously.