長文読解（人文系・自然科学系の文章）- 問題89

Urban vertical farming represents a revolutionary approach to agriculture that addresses the growing challenges of food security in densely populated cities. This innovative method involves growing crops in vertically stacked layers within controlled indoor environments, often in converted warehouses or specially designed buildings. By utilizing advanced technologies such as LED lighting systems and hydroponic cultivation, vertical farms can produce fresh vegetables and herbs year-round, independent of weather conditions.
The benefits of vertical farming extend beyond mere space efficiency. These facilities use approximately 95% less water than traditional farming through precise nutrient delivery systems and water recycling. Additionally, the controlled environment eliminates the need for pesticides and reduces transportation costs by bringing food production closer to urban consumers. A single vertical farm facility can yield the equivalent of 10-15 traditional acres while occupying just one acre of urban space.
However, vertical farming faces significant economic challenges. The initial investment costs are substantial, often requiring millions of dollars for equipment and infrastructure. Energy consumption remains high due to artificial lighting requirements, though LED technology continues to improve efficiency. Despite these obstacles, major cities like Singapore, Tokyo, and New York have embraced vertical farming as a sustainable solution for future food production, with the global market projected to reach $20 billion by 2030.