長文読解（人文系・自然科学系の文章）- 問題70

Urban vertical farming represents a revolutionary approach to agriculture that addresses the growing challenges of food security in densely populated cities. This innovative farming method involves growing crops in vertically stacked layers within controlled indoor environments, typically in urban buildings or specially designed facilities.
The technology behind vertical farming relies heavily on hydroponics, aeroponics, and LED lighting systems. These soilless cultivation techniques allow farmers to precisely control nutrients, water, and light exposure, resulting in crop yields that can be up to 365 times higher per square foot compared to traditional farming. Additionally, vertical farms use approximately 95% less water than conventional agriculture through advanced recycling systems.
Major cities worldwide are embracing this technology to enhance their food independence. Singapore, for example, has invested heavily in vertical farming facilities to produce 30% of its vegetables locally by 2030. Similarly, Japan operates over 200 vertical farms, primarily focusing on leafy greens and herbs. These facilities can operate year-round, unaffected by weather conditions or seasonal changes.
Despite its promising potential, vertical farming faces significant economic challenges. The initial investment costs can reach millions of dollars, and energy consumption for LED lighting remains substantial. However, proponents argue that as technology advances and energy costs decrease, vertical farming will become increasingly viable for addressing global food security concerns.