長文読解（人文系・自然科学系の文章）- 問題13

Urban vertical farming represents a revolutionary approach to agriculture that addresses the growing challenges of food security in densely populated cities. This innovative method involves growing crops in vertically stacked layers within controlled indoor environments, typically in abandoned warehouses or purpose-built facilities. By utilizing advanced technologies such as LED lighting systems and hydroponic cultivation, vertical farms can produce fresh vegetables and herbs year-round, independent of weather conditions and seasonal limitations.
The environmental benefits of vertical farming are substantial. These facilities use up to 95% less water than traditional agriculture through precise nutrient delivery systems and water recycling. Additionally, vertical farms eliminate the need for pesticides and herbicides, as the controlled environment prevents pest infestations naturally. The proximity to urban consumers also significantly reduces transportation costs and carbon emissions associated with food distribution.
Despite these advantages, vertical farming faces considerable economic challenges. The initial investment costs are extremely high, with sophisticated climate control systems and LED lighting requiring substantial capital. Energy consumption remains a major concern, as maintaining optimal growing conditions demands continuous electricity. However, as technology advances and energy costs decrease, many experts predict that vertical farming will become increasingly viable for feeding urban populations in the coming decades.