長文読解（人文系・自然科学系の文章）- 問題11

Urban vertical farming represents a revolutionary approach to agriculture that addresses the growing challenges of food security in densely populated cities. This innovative method involves cultivating crops in vertically stacked layers within controlled indoor environments, utilizing advanced technologies such as LED lighting, hydroponic systems, and climate control.
The benefits of vertical farming are substantial. It requires 95% less water than traditional farming methods, eliminates the need for pesticides, and can produce crops year-round regardless of weather conditions. A single vertical farm facility can yield the equivalent of 10-15 acres of traditional farmland while occupying only a fraction of the space. Companies like AeroFarms and Plenty have demonstrated that leafy greens and herbs can be grown with 365 harvests per year.
However, significant challenges remain. The initial investment costs are extremely high, with some facilities requiring millions of dollars to establish. Energy consumption is another major concern, as LED lighting systems can account for up to 30% of operational costs. Critics argue that current technology makes vertical farming economically viable only for high-value crops like lettuce and herbs.
Despite these limitations, experts predict that advancing technology and decreasing LED costs will make vertical farming more accessible. As urban populations continue to grow and climate change threatens traditional agriculture, vertical farming may become essential for sustainable food production in the 21st century.