長文読解（人文系・自然科学系の文章）- 問題12

Urban vertical farming represents a revolutionary approach to agriculture that addresses the growing challenges of food security in densely populated cities. This innovative method involves growing crops in vertically stacked layers within controlled indoor environments, typically using hydroponic or aeroponic systems instead of traditional soil-based cultivation.
The technology offers numerous advantages over conventional farming. Vertical farms can produce crops year-round regardless of weather conditions, use up to 95% less water than traditional agriculture, and eliminate the need for pesticides. A single vertical farm facility can yield the equivalent of several acres of traditional farmland while occupying just a fraction of the space.
Major cities worldwide are embracing this technology. In Singapore, vertical farms already supply 30% of the city's leafy vegetables, while New York has established multiple facilities that grow fresh produce for local restaurants and supermarkets. These farms can be integrated into urban buildings, reducing transportation costs and carbon emissions associated with food distribution.
Despite the promising benefits, vertical farming faces significant challenges. The high initial investment costs and substantial energy requirements for LED lighting systems remain major obstacles. However, as technology advances and energy costs decrease, vertical farming is expected to play an increasingly important role in sustainable urban food production.