長文読解（人文系・自然科学系の文章）- 問題87

The concept of sustainable agriculture has gained significant attention as the world grapples with feeding a growing population while protecting the environment. Traditional farming methods, which rely heavily on chemical fertilizers and pesticides, have led to soil degradation, water pollution, and loss of biodiversity. In response, farmers and researchers are developing innovative approaches that work with natural ecosystems rather than against them.
One promising method is regenerative agriculture, which focuses on rebuilding soil health through practices like cover cropping, crop rotation, and reduced tillage. These techniques help sequester carbon in the soil, improve water retention, and support beneficial microorganisms. Studies show that regenerative farms can achieve yields comparable to conventional farms while using 30% fewer external inputs.
Another approach is precision agriculture, which uses technology such as GPS mapping, drones, and sensors to optimize resource use. By applying fertilizers and water only where and when needed, farmers can reduce waste and environmental impact. This data-driven method has helped some farms reduce fertilizer use by up to 20% while maintaining productivity.
The transition to sustainable farming practices requires initial investment and learning, but the long-term benefits include improved soil fertility, reduced input costs, and greater resilience to climate change. As consumer demand for environmentally friendly products grows, sustainable agriculture represents both an environmental necessity and an economic opportunity.