長文読解（人文系・自然科学系の文章）- 問題83

Urban vertical farming has emerged as a revolutionary approach to agriculture, addressing the growing challenges of food security in densely populated cities. This innovative method involves growing crops in vertically stacked layers within controlled indoor environments, often using hydroponic or aeroponic systems instead of traditional soil.
The advantages of vertical farming are numerous. First, it requires up to 95% less water than conventional farming through precise nutrient delivery systems. Second, crops can be grown year-round regardless of weather conditions, potentially yielding up to 12 harvests annually compared to just one or two in traditional farming. Additionally, vertical farms eliminate the need for pesticides since the controlled environment prevents pest infestations.
However, vertical farming faces significant challenges. The initial setup costs are extremely high, often exceeding $10 million for a large facility. Energy consumption is another major concern, as LED lighting systems required for plant growth consume substantial electricity. Critics argue that the technology is currently economically viable only for high-value crops like leafy greens and herbs.
Despite these limitations, many experts believe vertical farming represents the future of urban agriculture, particularly as technology advances and costs decrease.