長文読解（人文系・自然科学系の文章）- 問題67

Urban vertical farming represents a revolutionary approach to agriculture that addresses the growing challenges of food security in densely populated cities. This innovative method involves growing crops in vertically stacked layers within controlled indoor environments, typically in skyscrapers or specially designed buildings. By utilizing advanced technologies such as LED lighting, hydroponic systems, and climate control, vertical farms can produce fresh vegetables and herbs year-round, regardless of weather conditions or seasonal limitations.
The benefits of vertical farming extend beyond mere space efficiency. These facilities use up to 95% less water than traditional farming methods through precise nutrient delivery systems and water recycling. Additionally, the controlled environment eliminates the need for pesticides and herbicides, resulting in cleaner, healthier produce. Studies have shown that vertical farms can yield up to 390 times more crops per square meter compared to conventional agriculture.
Despite these advantages, vertical farming faces significant economic challenges. The initial investment costs are substantial, with a typical facility requiring millions of dollars for construction and equipment. Energy consumption for LED lighting and climate control systems also remains high, making operational costs a major concern. However, as technology advances and energy efficiency improves, experts predict that vertical farming will become increasingly viable for urban food production in the coming decades.