長文読解（人文系・自然科学系の文章）- 問題23

The concept of biomimicry, or learning from nature to solve human problems, has gained significant attention in recent years. Scientists and engineers are increasingly looking to the natural world for inspiration in developing new technologies and materials. This approach recognizes that nature has already solved many of the problems we are grappling with through millions of years of evolution.
One remarkable example is the development of Velcro, inspired by the way burr seeds stick to animal fur. Swiss engineer George de Mestral observed how these seeds attached themselves to his dog's coat during a walk in 1941. Under a microscope, he discovered that the seeds had tiny hooks that caught onto the loops in the fur. This observation led to the creation of Velcro, which revolutionized fastening technology.
More recently, researchers have been studying shark skin to develop more efficient swimsuits and ship hulls. Shark skin contains tiny tooth-like scales called denticles that reduce drag and turbulence in water. By mimicking this structure, scientists have created materials that can significantly improve swimming performance and reduce fuel consumption in ships.
The field of biomimicry continues to expand, with applications ranging from architecture inspired by termite mounds to adhesives based on gecko feet. As we face increasingly complex environmental and technological challenges, nature's solutions offer promising pathways for sustainable innovation.