長文読解（人文系・自然科学系の文章）- 問題44

The concept of biomimicry has gained significant attention in recent years as scientists and engineers seek sustainable solutions to complex problems. This innovative approach involves studying nature's designs and processes to create new technologies that benefit humanity. From the aerodynamic efficiency of bird wings inspiring aircraft design to the water-repellent properties of lotus leaves leading to self-cleaning surfaces, biomimicry demonstrates how millions of years of evolution have produced remarkably efficient solutions.
One notable example is the development of Velcro, inspired by the way burr seeds stick to animal fur. Swiss engineer George de Mestral observed how these seeds used tiny hooks to attach themselves, leading him to create a fastening system that revolutionized clothing and equipment design. Similarly, researchers studying shark skin discovered that its unique texture reduces drag in water, inspiring the development of more efficient swimsuits and ship hulls.
The field of biomimicry extends beyond simple mechanical copying to understanding the underlying principles that make natural systems so effective. Scientists are now exploring how photosynthesis works to develop better solar cells, and studying how termite mounds maintain constant temperatures to design energy-efficient buildings. This approach not only leads to innovative technologies but also promotes environmental sustainability by learning from nature's time-tested strategies.