長文読解（人文系・自然科学系の文章）- 問題58

Urban vertical farming represents a revolutionary approach to agriculture that addresses the growing challenges of food security in densely populated cities. This innovative method involves growing crops in vertically stacked layers within controlled indoor environments, often utilizing abandoned warehouses or specially designed buildings. By employing advanced technologies such as LED lighting systems, hydroponic cultivation, and automated climate control, vertical farms can produce fresh vegetables and herbs year-round, regardless of external weather conditions.
The environmental benefits of vertical farming are substantial. These facilities use up to 95% less water than traditional agriculture through precise nutrient delivery systems and water recycling. Additionally, vertical farms eliminate the need for pesticides and herbicides, as the controlled environment naturally prevents pest infestations. The proximity to urban consumers also significantly reduces transportation costs and carbon emissions associated with food distribution.
Despite these advantages, vertical farming faces considerable economic challenges. The initial investment for establishing a vertical farm can exceed $10 million, primarily due to expensive LED lighting and climate control systems. Energy consumption remains a major concern, as artificial lighting can account for up to 30% of operational costs. However, technological advances and decreasing LED prices suggest that vertical farming may become economically viable for a broader range of crops in the coming decade.