長文読解（人文系・自然科学系の文章）- 問題19

Urban vertical farming has emerged as a revolutionary approach to agriculture in densely populated cities. This innovative method involves growing crops in vertically stacked layers within controlled environments, typically using hydroponic or aeroponic systems instead of traditional soil. Major cities like Singapore, Tokyo, and New York have already implemented large-scale vertical farms to address food security concerns.
The technology offers numerous environmental benefits. Vertical farms use up to 95% less water than conventional agriculture through precise nutrient delivery systems. Additionally, they eliminate the need for pesticides and herbicides, as the controlled environment naturally prevents pest infestations. Year-round crop production is possible regardless of weather conditions, significantly increasing yield per square meter.
However, vertical farming faces substantial challenges. The initial setup costs can reach millions of dollars due to sophisticated LED lighting systems and climate control equipment. Energy consumption remains a critical concern, as artificial lighting requires substantial electricity. Despite these obstacles, experts predict that technological advances and decreasing LED costs will make vertical farming economically viable for more crops beyond leafy greens and herbs.
As urban populations continue to grow, vertical farming represents a promising solution for sustainable food production. By 2050, when the global population is expected to reach 9.7 billion, this technology could play a crucial role in feeding cities while minimizing environmental impact.