長文読解（人文系・自然科学系の文章）- 問題39

Urban vertical farming represents a revolutionary approach to agriculture that addresses the growing challenges of food security in densely populated cities. This innovative method involves cultivating crops in vertically stacked layers within controlled indoor environments, typically in urban buildings or specially designed facilities. By utilizing advanced technologies such as LED lighting, hydroponic systems, and climate control, vertical farms can produce fresh vegetables and herbs year-round, independent of weather conditions and seasonal limitations.
The environmental benefits of vertical farming are substantial. These facilities use up to 95% less water than traditional agriculture through precise nutrient delivery systems and water recycling. Additionally, vertical farms eliminate the need for pesticides and herbicides, as the controlled environment naturally prevents pest infestations and diseases. The proximity to urban consumers also significantly reduces transportation costs and carbon emissions associated with food distribution.
However, vertical farming faces considerable challenges, particularly regarding energy consumption and initial investment costs. The LED lighting systems required for plant growth consume substantial amounts of electricity, making energy efficiency a critical concern. Furthermore, the high startup costs for establishing vertical farms can be prohibitive for many entrepreneurs. Despite these obstacles, several major cities including Singapore, New York, and Tokyo have successfully implemented large-scale vertical farming projects, demonstrating the potential for this technology to transform urban food production and contribute to sustainable city development.