長文読解（人文系・自然科学系の文章）- 問題93

Urban vertical farming represents a revolutionary approach to agriculture that addresses the growing challenges of food security in densely populated cities. This innovative method involves growing crops in vertically stacked layers within controlled indoor environments, utilizing advanced technologies such as LED lighting, hydroponic systems, and climate control mechanisms.
The benefits of vertical farming are substantial. It requires 95% less water than traditional farming methods, eliminates the need for pesticides, and can produce crops year-round regardless of weather conditions. A single vertical farm facility can yield the equivalent of 10-15 acres of traditional farmland while occupying only a fraction of the space. Singapore, for example, has invested heavily in vertical farming technology, aiming to produce 30% of its food locally by 2030.
However, vertical farming also faces significant challenges. The initial investment costs are extremely high, with some facilities requiring millions of dollars to establish. Energy consumption for LED lighting and climate control systems remains a major concern, though renewable energy integration is gradually addressing this issue. Additionally, the technology is currently limited to certain types of crops, primarily leafy greens and herbs, rather than staple grains like wheat or rice.