長文読解（人文系・自然科学系の文章）- 問題26

Urban vertical farming represents a revolutionary approach to agriculture that addresses the growing challenges of food security in densely populated cities. This innovative method involves cultivating crops in vertically stacked layers within controlled indoor environments, typically using hydroponic or aeroponic systems instead of traditional soil.
The benefits of vertical farming are substantial. First, it requires 95% less water than conventional agriculture through precise nutrient delivery systems. Second, crops can be grown year-round regardless of weather conditions, potentially increasing yields by up to 390 times per square meter compared to traditional farming. Additionally, vertical farms eliminate the need for pesticides and reduce transportation costs since they can be located directly in urban centers.
However, vertical farming faces significant challenges. The initial investment costs are extremely high, often exceeding $10 million for a single facility. Energy consumption is another major concern, as LED lighting systems can account for 25-30% of operational costs. Despite these obstacles, major cities like Singapore and Tokyo have begun implementing vertical farming projects as part of their sustainable development strategies.