長文読解（人文系・自然科学系の文章）- 問題45

Urban vertical farming represents a revolutionary approach to agriculture that addresses the challenges of feeding growing populations in increasingly urbanized environments. These innovative systems utilize controlled indoor environments, stacking crops in multiple layers to maximize production within limited space. By employing LED lighting, hydroponic systems, and precise climate control, vertical farms can produce crops year-round regardless of weather conditions.
Research conducted in Singapore and the Netherlands has demonstrated that vertical farms can yield up to 390 times more produce per square meter compared to traditional farming methods. Additionally, these facilities use 95% less water than conventional agriculture through advanced recycling systems. The controlled environment also eliminates the need for pesticides, resulting in cleaner, safer food products.
Despite these advantages, vertical farming faces significant economic challenges. The initial investment costs are substantial, with facilities requiring expensive LED lighting systems and sophisticated automation technology. Energy consumption remains a major concern, as artificial lighting can account for up to 30% of operational costs. However, as technology advances and energy costs decrease, experts predict that vertical farming will become increasingly viable for urban food production.