長文読解（人文系・自然科学系の文章）- 問題62

The concept of biomimicry, which involves learning from nature to solve human problems, has gained significant attention in recent years. Scientists and engineers are increasingly turning to the natural world for inspiration, studying how organisms have evolved efficient solutions over millions of years.
One remarkable example is the development of Velcro, inspired by the way burr seeds stick to animal fur. Swiss engineer George de Mestral observed how tiny hooks on burr seeds attached to fabric and fur, leading him to create a fastening system that revolutionized clothing and equipment design. Similarly, the study of shark skin has led to the development of swimsuits that reduce drag and improve swimming performance.
More recently, researchers have examined the structure of gecko feet to create adhesive materials that can stick to any surface without leaving residue. The millions of tiny hairs on gecko toes, called setae, interact with surfaces at the molecular level through van der Waals forces. This discovery has potential applications in medical devices, robotics, and space technology.
As environmental challenges intensify, biomimicry offers promising solutions for sustainable technology. By understanding how nature achieves efficiency with minimal waste, scientists hope to develop innovations that are both effective and environmentally friendly.