長文読解（人文系・自然科学系の文章）- 問題66

Urban agriculture, the practice of growing food within city environments, has emerged as a transformative solution to modern challenges. From rooftop gardens in New York to vertical farms in Singapore, cities worldwide are embracing this innovative approach to food production. Urban agriculture not only provides fresh produce to local communities but also creates employment opportunities and reduces the carbon footprint associated with transporting food from distant rural areas.
The benefits extend beyond mere food production. Studies have shown that urban farming can improve air quality by absorbing carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen. Additionally, these green spaces help regulate urban temperatures, combating the heat island effect that plagues many metropolitan areas. Community gardens, in particular, foster social connections and provide educational opportunities for residents of all ages.
However, urban agriculture faces significant challenges. Limited space, soil contamination, and high initial investment costs can deter potential urban farmers. Despite these obstacles, technological innovations such as hydroponic systems and LED grow lights are making urban farming more efficient and accessible. Cities like Tokyo and Amsterdam have successfully integrated urban agriculture into their urban planning, demonstrating that with proper support and investment, urban farming can thrive even in the most densely populated areas.